Teenage+Mutant+Ninja+Turtles+(TMNT)

flat =Team Members= @V (Raphael) @Weav (Michelangelo) @T-Stouff (Donatello) Byrd (Leonardo)

=Cell Size Lab=




 * Cube size || Area of Cube || Volume of Cube || Surface Area to Volume Ratio || Distance of Diffusion || Rate of diffusion ||
 * 3cmx3cmx3cm || 54 cm2 || 27 cm3 || 2: 1 || 5 mm || .5 mm per minute ||
 * 2cmx2cmx2cm || 24 cm2 || 8 cm3 || 3: 1 || 5 mm || .5 mm per minute ||
 * 1cmx1cmx1cm || 6 cm2 || 1 cm3 || 6: 1 || 5 mm || .5 mm per minute ||

L x W x # of sides || SA= 3 x 3 x 6 SA= 54 cm2 || SA= 2 x 2 x 6 SA= 24 cm2 || SA= 1 x 1 x 6 SA= 6 cm2 || L x W x H || V= 3 x 3 x 3 V= 27 cm3 || V= 2 x 2 x 2 V= 8 cm3 || V= 1 x 1 x 1 V= 1 cm3 || SA / V || SA: V= 52/27 SA: V= 2: 1 || SA: V= 23/8 SA: V= 3: 1 || SA: V= 6/1 SA: V= 6: 1 || R=d/t || R= 5/10 R= .5 mm per minute || R= 5/10 R= .5 mm per minute || R= 5/10 R= .5 mm per minute || =Protist Lab=
 * Calculations || 3x3x3 || 2x2x2 || 1x1x1 ||
 * Area:
 * Volume:
 * SA to V ratio:
 * Rate of Diffusion:

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 * Elodea are used for aquarium plants, giving the fish somewhere to hide: From: [|http://][|www.ehow.com][|/about_5452658_elodea.html]
 * Elodea is a native species to the United States:
 * Elodea is one of the few pond plants that can stay green all winter long:

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 * Has a flower that blooms up at the surface of the water
 * Used as habitats for aquatic vertebrates
 * It receives energy through photosynthesis

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 * Hydra reproduces in two ways. The first is through budding. The second is that the base will pinch off from the parent and becoming a new separate hydra.
 * Hydra have nematocysts, known as stinging cells, to attack prey
 * Hydras have no brain or vision, so they are regulated by nerve cells.

5. Cilia are hairlike structures that are used by some cells to help them move. Cilia and flagella are similar, in appearance, but cilia are short and flagella are longer. They also differ in how they move, flagella propel themselves by using certain motions and cilia beat back and forth to move. They are made up of microtubules.

6. The difference between elodea and the elodea with salt is the elodea is a hypotonic solution while the elodea with salt is hypertonic.

=Biomolecules and Food Lab=


 * Substance || Benedict (Simple sugars) || Iodine (Starches) || Biuret (Proteins) || Sudan (fats and oils) ||
 * Gatorade || Positive || Negative || Negative || Negative ||
 * Liver || Positive || Negative || Positive || Positive ||
 * Apple Juice || Positive || Negative || Negative || Negative ||
 * Apple || Positive || Negative || Negative || Negative ||

2. Simple sugars were found in all of the food items that were tested. The group was surprised by the absence of starches in all of the food items tested, and the presence of simple sugars in all of the foods tested. 3. Other groups found that some of the biomolecules that were negative for us were positive for them. This could be because of bad observations or a mix up in procedure.

=Enzyme Lab= All substances with NO hydrogen peroxide. Jacob Weaver

All substances with HOT hydrogen peroxide. Trenton Stouffer Corn bubbles 1 Liver bubbles 5 Peas bubbles 1 Beef bubbles 5

All substances with ROOM TEMP. hydrogen peroxide Brady Snyder Corn bubbles 1 Liver bubbles 5 (bubbles overflowed) Peas bubbles 1 Beef bubbles 5

All substances with HOT hydrogen peroxide. Cody Verostic Corn bubbles 1 Liver bubbles 5 Peas bubbles 1 Beef bubbles 5

=Water inquiry lab= Regular water heads Test 1 27 Test 2 27

Regular water tails Test 1 29 Test 2 27 Average 28

Soapy water heads Test 1 18 Test 2 10 Average 14

Soapy water tails Test 1 10 Test 2 26 Average 18

=Light Intensity Lab= To achieve a 100% maximal ATP you must have the light intensity at 200 and the wavelength at 425. At 0 light intensity you get no change no matter what wavelength you have set. At 20 light intensity you get below 10% no matter what wavelength you have set. = = =Primary and Secondary Productivity= The observation that was made about image was the more species that are present in the ecosystem the more kilocalories that are produced.

=Cheek Cell Lab=

The five elements that make up DNA are Carbon, Hydrogen, Phosphorus, Oxygen, Nitrogen.
 * 1) What are the 5 elements that make up DNA?

2. What is the function of DNA from day to day?

The function of DNA from day to day is that it stores and transmits the genetic information that tells cells which proteins to make and when to make them.

3. Describe how long strands of double-helical DNA fit into the nucleus of a single cheek cell. DNA is wrapped around proteins, folded back onto itself, and coiled into a compact chromosome.

4. What was the purpose of using the detergent as a cell lysis solution?

The solution will dissolve the membrane of the cells because the cell and nuclear membrane are composed of fats and proteins. The dissolving of the membrane results in the release of the DNA.

5. Why does the DNA become visible once the alcohol is added? DNA is insoluble in the cold alcohol solution and precipitate out of the solution.

6. If DNA is so thin, how is it that we are able to see it during this simple lab exercise? We are able to see it because once it is released, the DNA from the broken open cells intertwines with DNA released from other cells. This eventually becomes invisible to the eye due to it all intertwining. We can see the DNA in our test tubes because of this process.

7. Why is DNA referred to as your genetic fingerprint? DNA is referred to as your genetic fingerprint because your DNA is like your blueprint, and your fingerprint is how you are identified like your blueprint.

8. Give some examples of how DNA is used everyday.

DNA is used everyday in investigating crime scenes, carrying genetics information for all organisms, and paternity suits.

= Protein Synthesis Review Questions =


 * 1) What are the steps of transcription?

The RNA polymerase binds on to the DNA strand at the promoter region. Then it starts to unzip the DNA strand and then begins to synthesize a complementary mRNA strand. Once the RNA polymerase reaches the termination sequence, the mRNA strand breaks off and the RNA polymerase stops synthesizing. The mRNA strand then goes through the nuclear pore into the cytoplasm and binds with a ribosome.


 * 1) What are the steps of translation?

The ribosome brings in tRNA molecules with anti-codons that bind on to the mRNA strand and leave the amino acid they carry. The once the amino acids are bonded by a peptide bond on to the other amino acids. When it reaches the stop codon, no amino acid is brought in and the amino acid chain in complete. It then folds up into a three-dimensional shape in order to get its unique function.


 * 1) List three differences between DNA and RNA

DNA- Deoxyribose sugar, double stranded, Adenine-Thymine and RNA- Ribose sugar, single stranded, Adenine-Uracil


 * 1) List the three types of RNA. And state their function(what they do and where they do it)

mRNA- messenger RNA, transports the genetic code from the nucleus to the cytoplasm

tRNA- transfer RNA, transfers amino acid to the ribosome.

rRNA- ribosomal RNA, provide a ribosome and builds protein.


 * 1) What enzyme is used to produce a new strand of RNA?

RNA Polymerase


 * 1) Which molecule contains the genetic code?

DNA Molecule


 * 1) Be sure you can transcribe a gene and determine the complementary amino acids. **Done**


 * 1) Be sure you can identify all the parts (see flip book requirement list) of both transcription and translation. **Done**