Sammy+Gigliotti

=**Cell Size Lab**=


 * Requirements for individual pages: **


 * Analysis: **

1. Compare and contrast the three cubes after they were sliced in half.

After we cut the three cubes in half, the 3x3 cube was the biggest, the 1x1 cube was the smallest, and the 2x2 one was the middle one.

2. Which "cell" seemed to be most and least efficient at getting outside substances into the cell? Explain.

The cell that was the most efficient was the one that was 1 cm x 1 cm because it had a better percent of the cube that had the substances absorbed.

3. Which of your calculations seems to explain what you observed in your cell models? Why do you think so?

The calculation that seems to explain what I observed in my cell models is the volume. The smaller cell is the most efficient of getting the substances into the center than the bigger ones.

4. Speculate on a relationship between cell size and efficiency. Your statement should resemble a hypothesis. (Remember: Use an If....., then..... statement.)

If the cell is smaller, then it will be more efficient than a bigger cell. = = =** Organelle research **=

Research a given organelle and find answers to the following:

 * 1) ====== What type of cell is it found in? ======

The endoplasmic reticulum is found in eukaryote animal and eukaryote plant cells.

 * 1) ====== What is its structure (composition)? How does the structure help the organelle to do its function? ======

The structure of the rough ER is studded with ribosomes, which makes it appear “rougher” than the smooth ER. Both of the reticulum are made of binded double membranes.

 * 1) ====== What is its function? Why is that important? ======

=
The function of the rough ER is to carry proteins to the organelles in the cells. The smooth ER is to carry all of the other things to the organelles. It is important because, without the substances they carry to the organelles, the cell would not be able to live. ======
 * 1) ====== How does the organelle achieve that function? What are the mechanics or the processes that it goes through? ======

The organelle achieves that function by releasing and then collecting the ribosomes to sent messages from the nucleus to other organelles to tell them what to do.

 * 1) ====== How is the function regulated? ======


 * 1) ====== What is the connection between the organelle's function and the cell's function? ======

=
The connection is the ER carries ribosomes to all other organelles that gives them messages that tell them what to do. This is vital to cell life because without these reticulum, the organelles would not receive the messages carried by ribosomes and then the organelles would not know what to do. ======
 * 1) ====== What would happen if the cell did not have this organelle? ======

=
If the cell did not have this organelle, it would not be able to live because the organelles would not have the necessary substances to live. The cell needs the ribosomes from the nucleus to tell the other organelles what to do and the ER carries the ribosomes to the organelles. ====== =Protists=

=You are what you eat= “You are what you eat.” Chances are that you have heard this phrase before, but you are not really positive what it means. It doesn’t mean it literally, for example, you won’t turn into a donut if you eat a lot of donuts, but you may, in fact, become fat because donuts are a very fatty food and have a lot of calories. Also, if you eat a lot of healthy foods, chances are you will be a healthy person. This is what the statement “you are what you eat” means.

Do vitamins really enhance your health? Are some “healthy” foods really healthy? Is fruit juice really juice? Are canned foods healthy? =Food Lab= Cooked Rice Starch- yes Mono/Disaccharide- no Protein- no Fats- no

After researching cooked rice, I found that the only test that should have been positive was the starch test and that was, in fact, the only test that came up positive

Cooked rice contains starch, which gives you energy. Rice is a very important food because it balances out your diet and gives you starch, which gives you energy that you need to live. After researching cooked rice, everybody else that did this experiment found only starch also, so cooked rice only contains starch. Every food that contains starch gives you a consistent source of energy. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cooked_rice

=Enzyme Lab= 2H2O2 --- 2H2O + O2 In the beef the colder the hydrogen peroxide but in the liver it was the opposite where the hotter it was the greater reaction. Catalase belongs to the protein group and the members of this group all have amino acids that make them up. Yes, it is possible because they are braking down substances and not being broken down. If the catalase becomes useless there will be a lot of dead organisms without being able to get rid of them.
 * Homework: **
 * 1) Write the equation for the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide.
 * 1) How did the amount of reaction change between room temperature, warm, and cold hydrogen peroxide?
 * 1) What large group of biomolecules (carbohydrate, lipid, or protein) does catalase belong to? What do members of this group have in common?
 * 1) Is it possible to reuse biomolecules like catalase? Explain.
 * 1) What happens to an organism if biomolecules like catalase become useless? Explain

= Food Diary 2 = I like the healthy eating pyramid because it gives you more information about your diet. My food diary compares better to this one than the other one, and this is also another reason I like it. I eat more carbohydrates than reccomended. I eat less vegtables than reccomended.

= DNA model project = media type="file" key="DNA Replication Gigliotti.mov" width="300" height="300"

=Protein Synthesis Flipbook=



=Protein Synthesis Review Questions= tRNA- decodes a mRNA in the ribosomes mRNA- carries a blueprint from a cell’s DNA to the ribosomes in the ribosomes and the nucleus rRNA- translates mRNA’s message in the ribosomes
 * 1) What are the steps of transcription? DNA unwinds as the hydrogen bonds break, RNA nucleotides pair with DNA bases, RNA sugar-phosphate backbone is formed, and the RNA freeing from the DNA.
 * 2) What are the steps of translation? Initiation, elongation, termination
 * 3) List three differences between DNA and RNA. DNA is double stranded, has thymine, and is in the nucleus. RNA is single stranded, has uracil, and is in the cytoplasm.
 * 4) List the three types of RNA. And state their function (what they do and where they do it)
 * 1) What enzyme is used to produce a new strand of RNA? Methionine
 * 2) Which molecule contains the genetic code? The nitrogenous bases.
 * 3) Be sure you can transcribe a gene and determine the complementary amino acids.
 * 4) Be sure you can identify all the parts (see flip book requirement list) of both transcription and translation.

= Sickle Cell Anemia = 1. Single Gene Mutation 2. HbS disease, Hemoglobin S Disease, Hemoglobin SS Disease, Sickle Cell Disease 3. Episodes of Pain, Hand-foot Syndrome, Frequent Infections, Delayed Growth, Vision Problems 4. 1 of every 500 black or African Americans have it and 1 of every 36,000 Hispanic Americans have it 5. If your blood cells don't have enough hemoglobin.

http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/sicklecell/data.html