Anna+H.

flat =Cell Size Lab= 1. After cutting the "cell" in half, I examined that the solution only went 1/2 cm. through all of the "cells", but since all the cells were different sizes it made it look like the solution went farther then others. Another thing that was the same was that we placed all the "cells" in the same solution and left them in for the same amount of time. One difference between the "cells' were that they were all different sizes. One cell was 3x3x3, another was 2x2x2, and the last one was 1x1x1. 2. The “cell” that seemed to be most efficient at getting outside substances into the cell was the 1cmX1cmX1cm “cell”. For that sized one the solution got the whole way through the cell. The “cell” that seemed to be the least efficient at getting outside substances into the cell was the 3cmX3cmX3cm “cell”. For that sized one the solution only got ½cm. through it the whole way around. 3. The calculation that seems to explain what I observed in my cell models is the surface area to volume ratio. I think this because the calculations we got from these equations showed us how far the substance traveled across the surface of the "cell" and how far the solution went into the "cell" 4. If the “cell” is smaller, then the more solution will get soaked up into it.

=Protists Lab=

- Able to reproduce both sexually and asexually. Under ideal conditions, they can reproduce asexually two or three times a day. - Live in aquatic environments, usually in still, warm water. - They belong to the phylum Ciliophora.

[]

=You Are What You Eat= What the saying: you are what you eat that if you eat junk food you get fat and lazy because of the different nutrients and fats your body is taking in. And if you eat healthy you will be in healthy shape and you will just feel good all together because your body is not taking in good nutrients and vitamins.

Questions I have:
 * 1) Is juice bad for you because it has so much sugar?
 * 2) Why do we need so much calcium?

=Biomolecules in Foods=

Testing for simple sugars: Benedicts Test The potato changed color from its original color to a greenish-blue after leaving it in heat for 3 minutes.
 * Potato**
 * Positive**

Testing for starches: Iodine Test The potato changed color from its original color to first a orange-brownish to a bluish-blackish color, which states that it is positive.
 * Positive**

Testing for proteins: Biuret Test Whenever I put the substance into the tube with the potato, the color changed to a dark-purplish.
 * Positive**

Resting for fats & oils: Sudan IV Test Whenever the substance was put into the tube that had the potato in it, the substance just mixed in with the potato. In order for it to be positive it would have formed a red ring around the top, which the potato did not have, and therefore it was negative.
 * Negative**

2. I was given potato to test for simple sugars, starch, protein, and fats & oils. After using different testing methods, I found out that potatoes contain simple sugars, starch, and protein, but does not contain fats & oils. After researching the nutritional facts about a potato, I found that they do indeed contain simple sugars, starch, and protein. The nutritional label for a potato said that it had .2g of fat, so my testing for fats & oils were wrong.

3. Test for simple sugars: negative Test for starches: positive Test for proteins: positive Test for fats and oils: negative
 * Egg Yolk**

Test for simple sugars: negative Test for starches: positive Test for proteins: positive Test for fats and oils: negative
 * Gelatin**

Test for simple sugars: negative Test for starches: positive Test for proteins: positive Test for fats and oils: negative
 * Egg White**

The foods that I compared are egg yolk, gelatin, and egg white. The biomolecule that all three of those food had was protein and starch. An egg yolk has approximately 2.7g of protein for 1 large egg. Gelatin has approximately 1.6g of protein per 1/2 cup. Steel cut oats have approximately 7g of protein per 1/4 cup dry. Proteins are used to build and repair the body, so it is important that we get enough protein. Adults are encouraged to get 10% to 35% of their day's calories from protein foods; that's about 46 grams of protein for women and 56 grams of protein for men. Children are supposed to get anywhere from 13g to 34g, depending if they are male or female and how old they are. The function of starch is to convert into glucose for energy; which is necessary to our body for functioning correctly.

www.marksdailyapple.com/how-much-protein-should-you-be-eating/

http://nchspressroom.wordpress.com/2010/03/03/adults%E2%80%99-daily-protein-intake-much-more-than-recommended/

http://healthyeating.sfgate.com/action-starch-human-diet-1699.html

=Biomolecules Extra Credit= Questions I have: Juice is so bad for you because of the large amount of sugar. Some people consider it a “poison” because of the amount of sugar that is in the juice. After doing a study, an 8 year old has been found to have high blood sugar, mostly because he drinks 3 glasses of fruit juice a day. Studies have shown that over the past 30 years our consumption of fructose has more than doubled. Fruit juice doesn’t even contain real fruit juice, its just artificial flavoring.
 * 1) Is juice bad for you because it has so much sugar?

Calcium builds and maintains strong bones and healthy communication between the brain and various parts of the body. People whose calcium intake is poor before the age of 20-25, have a considerably higher risk later on in life of developing brittle bone disease or osteoporosis, because calcium is drawn from the bones as a reserve.
 * 1) Why do we need so much calcium?

= DNA Replication Model = media type="custom" key="25076910"

=Protein Synthesis Review Questions= DNA has thymine, and RNA has uracil instead. DNA is double stranded, but RNA is only single stranded. DNA has deoxyribose as a sugar and RNA has ribose. mRNA (messenger RNA)- relays that message from the DNA (nucleus) rRNA (ribose RNA)- provides the ribosome, builds proteins (cytoplasm) tRNA (transfer RNA)- transfers amino acid to the ribosomes (cytoplasm) RNA polymerase is used to produce a new strand of RNA. DNA contains the genetic code.
 * 1) What are the steps of transcription?
 * 2) RNA polymerase comes in binds onto the DNA double helix and unwinds the double helix.
 * 3) The RNA polymerase also creates a strand of mRNA, with the complementary nucleotides.
 * 4) After the mRNA strand is formed, the double helix reforms
 * 5) The mRNA strand breaks off the template strand.
 * 6) The mRNA strand leaves through the nuclear pores and reaches the cytoplasm. The mRNA strand enters the ribosomes
 * 7) What are the steps of translation?
 * 8) The large and small subunits of the ribosome both bind with the mRNA strand
 * 9) The ribosome begins at the start codon, which is AUG or methionine.
 * 10) The tRNA molecule has the correct anti-codon binds onto the right codon
 * 11) As the ribosome moves down the mRNA strand, the amino acids attach to one another and form a peptide bond as each tRNA “falls off”
 * 12) The ribosome stops at the “stop” codon. The stop codon does not make an amino acid!
 * 13) The amino acid chain then forms a three dimensional figure, or its tertiary structure
 * 14) List three differences between DNA and RNA
 * 1) List the three types of RNA. And state their function (what they do and where they do it)
 * 1) What enzyme is used to produce a new strand of RNA?
 * 1) Which molecule contains the genetic code?

= Protein Synthesis Flipbook = media type="custom" key="25199904"

=** Phenylketonuria **=
 * 1) Single gene
 * 2) Other names? Deficiency Disease, Folling’s Disease, PAH deficiency, PKU, Phenylalanine Hydroxylase Deficiency Disease
 * 3) Symptoms? Mental retardation, behavioral or social problems, seizures, tremors, jerking movements in the arms and legs, hyperactivity, stunted growth, skin rashes, small head size, fair skin and blue eyes, and a musty odor in the breath, skin or urine.
 * 4) Prevalence? About 1 in 10,000
 * 5) Cause? Phenylketonuria is passed down through families. Both parents must pass on the defective gene in order for a baby to have the condition.

=Intro to Fuel Economy= Countries compare in fuel economy and in gasoline taxes is because the gasoline taxes and fuel economy are based off of one another in some little way. For example, the higher the gasoline taxes the more money you will make and the more fuel you purchase the more tax you have to pay.


 * 1) The fuel economy is higher than the taxes.
 * 2) Many countries use, for short distances, automobiles, and for long distances, planes or trains.
 * 3) Some conclusions we can draw, based on looking at the charts, is that the higher the petrol prices, the higher the tax of it.