The+Fantastic+Four

flat @Alli I. @Kim @Laura @Brayden

Before After
 * Explanations **


 * Area **-Length x Width


 * Volume **-Length x Width x Height


 * Surface Area to Volume Ratio **-Area divided by Volume


 * Distance of Diffusion **-We measured to distance that the purple penetrated the agar


 * Rate of Diffusion **-Distance of Diffusion divided by the 10 minutes

Elodeas are also known as American water-weed and are very important in lake ecosystems because it provides good habitats for aquatic invertebrates and cover for young fish and amphibians. []

The dark green blade-like leaves are in whorls of three with finely toothed margins. []

The elodea lives entirely underwater except small white flowers, which bloom at the surface and are attached to the plants by skinny stalks. []





5. Cilia are a skinny, microscopic, hair-like structures or organelles that extend from the surface of almost all cells in mammals. There are two types of cilia and each have a different job. Motile cilia are found in the lungs, respiratory tract and middle ear. It keeps the airway clear of mucus and dirt, resulting in easier breathing. It also helps to propel sperm. Non-Motile or primary cilia usually act as antennae and receive signals from other cells or fluids. In kidneys, the primary cilia blend with urine flow and send cells signals that alert the body that there is urine flowing. In the eyes, primary cilia are found in the light sensitive cells of the retina. They act like train tracks and allow the transport of important molecules from one end to the other.

[]

[]

A flagella is a long, thin extension of a cellular organism that is used for movement. It’s also considered look like a whip. It’s made of microtubules that are covered by the plasma membrane of the cell. Organisms also use their flagella to move things that are around them as well.

Cilia vs. Flagella

[]

Cilia are short and one cell usually has hundreds of them. Flagella are longer and there are usually one to eight per cell. Flagella move in a wavelike fashion and cilia move in a more complicated way with power and recovery stokes.

[]

The chloroplasts have all clumped into the middle in the solution with salt. This demonstrates the effect on a hypertonic solution on living cells. The chloroplasts are spread throughout the cell with the normal elodea.

Hydra: [] http://www.wisegeek.org/what-is-a-hydra.htm . Hydras paralyze their prey; which is larval insects and small crustaceans. . A hydra has no brain and it doesn’t have any vision. . Hydra’s can sometimes partially regenerate their body parts if their injuries aren’t to extreme.

=Biomolecules In Foods Lab= 2) The biomolecule found in all 3 of our foods was proteins. Proteins were the only biomolecule that we had in common. We were surprised the most that the 2% milk did not have any simple sugars. We were also surprised that peas did not have starches. Once we tested the gatorade however, it did not have the same biomolecule in common with our previous information because it tested negative for proteins.
 * Substance || Simple Sugar || Starch || Proteins || Fats & Oils ||
 * Whey Protein || Negative || Negative || Positive || Negative ||
 * 2% Milk || Negative || Negative || Positive || Positive ||
 * Peas || Negative || Negative || Positive || Negative ||

3) There were differences in some of the foods we tested compared to others because there could have been very small or very large amounts of the substances we tested versus what they tested. Also, the differences could be caused by what different people interpret the different colors as. Another thing that could be accountable for the differences is that the foods were already shaded or colored to begin with.

Kim's Information
 * Gatorade ||  ||
 * Simple Sugar || Positive ||
 * Protein || Negative ||
 * Starch || Negative ||
 * Fats & OIls || Negative ||

Enzyme Lab
Table By: Laura Keller
 * Food || Reaction With Room Temperature Hydrogen Peroxide || Reaction With Ice Cold Hydrogen Peroxide || Reaction With Hot Hydrogen Peroxide ||
 * Beef || 2 || 2 || 3 ||
 * Liver || 5 || 5 || 5 ||
 * Corn || 1 || 1 || 1 ||
 * Peas || 11 || 1 || 1 ||

The peas had no reaction to the hot, cold, or room temperature hydrogen peroxide. The reaction rating was 1. Picture by: Alli Ishman

The corn had no reactions in either the hot, cold or room temperature hydrogen peroxide. The reaction rating was 1. Picture by: Alli Ishman



Top Row (Liver) (From left to right): Cold peroxide inserted to liver, peroxide at room temperature inserted into liver, heated peroxide in liver Bottom Row (Beef) (From left to right): Cold peroxide in beef, peroxide at room temperature in beef, heated peroxide in beef Picture and Caption by: Brayden Woodrow

=Water Inquiry Lab= =Light Intensity Activity= The highest amount of ATP we had was 85% at 200 for light intensity and 650 for wavelength. The lowest amount we had was .6% at 40 for light intensity and 750 for wavelength. We noticed that the numbers of ATP made didn't go up or down consistently they went up and down quickly.
 * Types of Water || Plain || Soapy ||
 * Number of Drops ||  ||   ||
 * Test 1 || 24 || 13 ||
 * Test 2 || 21 || 19 ||
 * Test 3 || 23 || 14 ||
 * Test 4 || 22 || 23 ||
 * Average Drops || 22.5 || 17.25 ||

=Primary and Secondary Productivity= If there is a large amount of water and a large amount of land to have a higher productivity. Why is the ocean so low in the amount of productivity? Why is Sugar Cane, Hawaii so high in productivity?

=DNA Scientists PowerPoint=

=DNA Discussion Questions=


 * 1) What are the 5 elements that make up DNA? **Phosphorus, nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, and carbon are the five elements that make up DNA.**
 * 2) What is the function of DNA from day to day? **DNA tells the cell what functions to perform, depending on it's structure.**
 * 3) Describe how long strands of double-helical DNA fit into the nucleus of a single cheek cell. **The DNA is folded a lot, which allows it to fit into tight places.**
 * 4) What was the purpose of using the detergent as a cell lysis solution? **The purpose of using the detergent as a cell lysis solution is to use the solution to destroy the membrane to allow the DNA out.**
 * 5) Why does the DNA become visible once the alcohol is added? **DNA is insoluble in alcohol, letting it become visible.**
 * 6) If DNA is so thin, how is it that we are able to see it during this simple lab exercise? **The DNA strands cling together during the lab.**
 * 7) Why is DNA referred to as your genetic fingerprint? **DNA and a fingerprint give the same information about a person.**
 * 8) Give some examples of how DNA is used everyday. **DNA is often used during crime investigations and paternity tests.**