Lucas+Burkett

flat =Cell Size Lab=

Compare and Contrast:
After we viewed the cubes, we noticed that no madder how big the cube (Cell) is, the rate of diffusion stays the same. This means that the pink substance penetrated the cubes at the same rate because they are all made of the same thing. Although the cubes had the same rate of diffusion, they still did not look the same. This was because the pink substance was able to completely penetrate into the center of the small one because it had less material then the other two cubes. It would take a longer amount of time to completely penetrate the bigger cubes because they have more material, even though they all have the same rate of diffusion.

Although all the "cells" had the same rate of diffusion, the smallest "cell" would be the most efficient at bringing outside substances in because it has the least amount of material that the pink substance had to penetrate. It is the most efficient because the pink substance penetrated the whole "cell" because the "cell" is smaller and has less material then the rest of the "cells". In all the other "cells", the pink substance didn't make it the entire way into the center like it did in the smaller one. Therefore, the biggest "cell" would be the least efficient "cell" because it has the most material that the pink substance has to penetrate.

The calculation that explained what we observed in our cell model was the rate of diffusion.This allowed us to see how fast the substance was able to penetrate the cell and allowed us to see that no madder how big the cell is, the rate of diffusion is still the same. This is because they are all made of the same material.

If a cell is small, then it will be more efficient.

=Protists Lab=

Euglena


Most Euglena protists have chloroplasts that allows it to feed by autotrophy.

Euglena is a unicellular organism and is the best known and most studied member of the phylum Euglenazoa.

Euglena can bloom at a very rapid rate and can color the surface of a ponds or ditches green.

=You are what you eat.= The saying “you are what you eat” means that depending on what you eat will effect you in the present and in the future. Eating a lot of junk food that isn’t very good for you can cause you to be obese and could also cause health problems for you in the future. It can also affect your attitude and how you act. Eating healthy foods will keep you in good shape and your body will be able to fight disease easier. It will also help you keep active and stay at the ideal body weight.

Can pop really effect your teeth in a bad way? How much junk food do you need to eat for it to really start affecting you? What types of foods are best for you? If you are an athlete, how much should you eat and what should you eat? What are some foods that you should include in your everyday diet? What importance does food have on your life? Is it true that some fruits and vegetables aren’t good for you? What types of foods actually give you more energy?

=Biomolecules in Foods Lab=

I tested Cooked Rice. The nutrition label above shows the nutrition facts of cooked rice. In the Benedicts Test, cooked rice tested positive for sugars. Even though the nutrition label shows that there are 0g of sugars, it is still very possible that there could still be some sugars. In the Iodine Test, cooked rice tested positive for starch. The nutrition label says there are 45g of total carbohydrates, which could include starches (polysaccharides), disaccharides, and monosaccharides. In the Biuret Test, cooked rice tested negative for proteins. Even though the nutrition label says that there are 4g of protein, that might not have been enough for the test to pick up the proteins or the color of the cooked rice could have made it harder to pick up the color change. In the Sudan IV test, cooked rice tested negative for fats and oils. This makes sense since the food label says that cooker rice has 0g of total fat.

I chose rice and apples as the two foods to compare. Rice tested positive for sugars and starch and negative for proteins and for fats and oils. Apples tested negative for sugars and fats and oils and positive for starch and proteins. Since both apples and rice have sugars (carbohydrates), this means that you can gain energy from eating them. In my opinion, I personally thought that both rice and apples would contain starch because plants store their energy in the form of starch, but that must not be true since apples don't contain starch. After doing some research, I found that I was some what correct. It turns out that apples contain a carboydrate called starch but when an apple ripens, the amount of starch reduces because it turns to sugar. Once most of the starch turns to sugar, the apple is ripe. Eating apples helps fight against many different diseases, such as Alzheimers disease and Parkinson's disease. You not what they say, "An apple a day, keeps the doctor away."

@http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple @http://www.besthealthmag.ca/eat-well/nutrition/15-health-benefits-of-eating-apples

=Biomolecule Extra Credit=

Can pop really effect your teeth in a bad way? Pop is one of the main sources of tooth decay. The acids and acidic sugar in pop can soften tooth enamel, which contributes to cavities. In some cases, drinking too much pop, improper brushing, grinding of the teeth, or other conditions can lead to tooth loss. What types of foods are best for you? Veggies, Whole-grains, Beans, Fiber, Fruits, Eggs, Oils, Meats, and Water. If you are an athlete, how much should you eat and what should you eat? Athletes need to eat a variety of foods inorder to achieve peak performance. Athletes need a good amount of carbohydrates stored in their body. Depending on the duration of exercise and the condition of the athlete, fat can also provide body fuel. Exercise aslo increases the amount of protein that an athlete needs. One of the most critical things that an athlete needs is water. Without enough water, athletes will suffer from dehydration, which can cause muscle cramping and fatigue. What are some foods that you should include in your everyday diet? Blueberries, Garlic, Olive Oil, Broccoli, Yogurt, Oats, Flax seeds, Cinnamon, Tea, and Beans. Is it true that some fruits and vegetables aren’t good for you? Any fruit is good for you, and it is the same with vegetables. What types of foods actually give you more energy? 1) Bananas 2) Mango 3) Yogurt 4) Blueberries 5) Nuts 6) Strawberries 7) Sweet potatoes 8) Salmon 9) Whole grains 10) Oatmeal

@http://www.colgate.com/app/CP/US/EN/OC/Information/Articles/Oral-and-Dental-Health-Basics/Oral-Hygiene/Oral-Hygiene-Basics/article/Soda-or-Pop-Its-Teeth-Trouble-by-Any-Name.cvsp

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@http://www.ext.colostate.edu/pubs/foodnut/09362.html

http://www.nbcnews.com/id/22027686/ns/health-diet_and_nutrition/t/are-you-going-eat/#.UsTGgVMWExY

@http://voices.yahoo.com/ten-foods-will-give-more-energy-2006841.html

=DNA Replication Project= = = =media type="custom" key="25076874"=

=Protein Synthesis Flip Book= media type="custom" key="25199898"

=Protein Synthesis Review= DNA: Deoxyribose, Adenine-Thymine, and two stranded RNA: Ribose, Adenine-Uracil, and one strand mRNA- messenger RNA, transport the genetic code from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. tRNA- transfer RNA, transfers amino acid to the ribosome. rRNA- ribosomal RNA, provide a ribosome and build proteins.
 * 1) What are the steps of transcription? RNA Polymerase binds on to the DNA strand at the promoter region. It starts to unzip the DNA strand and begins synthesizing a complementary mRNA strand. Once it is through, the DNA strand goes back together. Then, when the RNA Polymerase reaches the termination sequence, the mRNA strand falls off and the RNA Polymerase stops synthesizing. The mRNA strand then goes through the nuclear pores into the cytoplasm where it meets a ribosome.
 * 2) What are the steps of translation? The ribosome brings tRNA with anti-codons that bind on to the mRNA strand and fall off. When they fall off, they leave there amino acids which form a peptide bond on to the other amino acids. When it reaches the stop codon, there is not another amino acid brought in and the amino acid chain is complete. It then has form into a three dimensional shape in order to get its function.
 * 3) List three differences between DNA and RNA
 * 1) List the three types of RNA. And state their function (what they do and where they do it)
 * 1) What enzyme is used to produce a new strand of RNA? RNA Polymerase
 * 2) Which molecule contains the genetic code? DNA molecule

= **__Achondroplasia__** =

Single Gene Mutation

Other names: ACH, Achondroplastic dwarfism, dwarf, achondroplastic

Symptoms:


 * Improportionate dwarfism
 * Shortening of the procimal limbs (called rhizomelic shortening)
 * Short fingers and toes
 * Large head with prominent forehead
 * Small midface with a flattened nasal bridge
 * Spinal kyphosis (convex curvature) or lordosis (concave curvature)
 * Varus (bowleg) or valgus (knock knee) deformities
 * Frequently have ear infections (due to Eustachian tube blackages, sleep apnea (which can be central or obstructive), and hydrocephalus

Prevalence: There is no known treatment for this mutation, surgery of limb-lengthening will lengthen the legs and arms of someone with this mutation but won’t fix their mutation.

Cause: a mutation in the Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) gene.

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=**Intro Activity to Fuel Economy:**= 1.) The taxes are usually around half the amount of money payed at the pumps. 2.) U.S.- Cars Netherlands- Rail transportation France- Rail transportation Germany- Bus, Train, and Bicycles UK- Car, Train, Bus Spain- Airplane and Train Canada- Bus and Car 3.) Countries that use mass transportation are better for the environment but have higher taxes.