ninjaCakeER

= = flat =I ENJOY CAKE!!!=

=Cell Size Lab=


 * 1) After looking at the three sliced cubes, I saw that the substance penetrated ½ of a centimeter into the cube. This is true for all three cubes. Some, differences are that because of the size of the cube, the amount of white that was still showing was different. On the 3x3 cube, there was quite a bit of white still remaining. On the 2x2 cube, there was very little white still showing. On the 1x1 cube, there was no white remaining.
 * 2) The least efficient one to allow things into the cell is the 3x3 cube. It didn’t let the stuff very far into the cell. The most efficient one was the 1x1 cube. It allowed the substance to go the whole way through.
 * 3) I think cube size best observes what we saw because no matter what size we saw; the distance of the substance didn’t matter. It was the same for all the sizes.
 * 4) If the size of the cell increases, then the efficiency of getting things into it will decrease.

=Protists Lab=



=You Are What You Eat= I'm assuming you've heard this statement before. The chances are that you don't actually know exactly what it means. You might just think it's a joke saying that you'll turn into the food you eat. It actually means that the food you eat influences the amount of body fat and nutrients you get. For example, if you eat McDonald's every day, for every meal, you will most likely not be the healthiest of skinniest person.

Questions: Do you need to take vitamins to be healthy? How much should you exercise after eating a fat filled meal? Does eating healthy food definitely mean you will be skinny? Do vitamins really help your body that much?

=Biomolecules in Foods Lab= Steel Cut Oats

Test 1 (Simple Sugars): Negative Test 2 (Starches): Positive Test 3 (Proteins): Negative Test 4 (Fats and Oils): Positive

According to my experiment in the lab, the biomolecules that are present in steel cut oats are starch and fats and oils. This particular site says that steel cut oats should have protein present. Another site says that there’s a healthy amount of starches in steel cut oats. Also, the site said that fats and oils should’ve been present. So according to these sites, starch and fats should’ve been present but proteins should’ve been present too.

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I compared steel cut oats and white rice. They are both grains so I figured they’d have similar biomolecules in them. In one serving of steel cut oats, there are 7g or protein. In white rice, there are 4.3g or protein. Steel cut oats have 3g or fats and white rice has 0.4g or fats. There are 29g of carbohydrates in steel cut oats and 44.3g or carbs. in white rice. Proteins are used to repair body tissue. Fats are used to obtain fat-soluble vitamins. Carbohydrates are used for energy in the body.

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= Enzyme Homework =


 * 1) Write the equation for the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide.

- 2H2O2 à 2H2O + O2


 * 1) How did the amount of reaction change between room temperature, warm, and cold hydrogen peroxide?

-In the beef, the colder the hydrogen peroxide but in the liver it was the opposite where the hotter it was the greater reaction.


 * 1) What large group of biomolecules (carbohydrate, lipid, or protein) does catalase belong to? What do members of this group have in common?

-Catalase belongs to the protein group and the members of this group all have amino acids that make them up.


 * 1) Is it possible to reuse biomolecules like catalase? Explain.

-Yes, because they are the materials that break down substances and are not being broken down at all.


 * 1) What happens to an organism if biomolecules like catalase become useless? Explain

-If the catalase becomes useless, there will be many dead organisms and you will not be able to get rid of them.

=Biomolecules Extra Credit=

Do you need to take vitamins to be healthy?

-Most vitamins don’t actually help you. In fact, they can cause harm to your body. So no, you don’t need to take vitamins in order to be healthy.

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How much should you exercise after eating a fat filled meal?

-Well, the body needs about an hour of exercise per day. It really depends on how many calories you eat. The more calories you eat, the more you’ll need to exercise to burn them off.

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Does eating healthy food definitely mean you will be skinny?

-Eating healthy definitely helps in being skinny but if you want to assure you’ll be skinny, you will need to add exercise to your healthy diet.

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Do vitamins really help your body that much?

-As I found out in question #1, vitamins don’t help you that much. They can harm your body. For example, taking in excess iron can harm your body unless you have a medical condition that needs iron.

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-RNA Polymerase unwinds the DNA strand. While this happens, a mRNA strand with the complementary nucleotides. Then the mRNA strand leaves and the DNA strand forms back together. -The mRNA strand goes to the ribosome and then tRNA molecules attach with the complementary bases. The amino acids then release forming a chain. The chain then folds on itself. -Single stranded; uracil instead of thymine; sugar in NRA is ribose -mRNA (messenger RNA) tRNA (transport RNA) rRNA (ribosomal RNA)
 * Protein Synthesis Review Questions **
 * 1) What are the steps of transcription?
 * 1) What are the steps of translation?
 * 1) List three differences between DNA and RNA
 * 1) List the three types of RNA. And state their function (what they do and where they do it)

-RNA Polymerase -DNA
 * 1) What enzyme is used to produce a new strand of RNA?
 * 1) Which molecule contains the genetic code?
 * 1) Be sure you can transcribe a gene and determine the complementary amino acids.
 * 2) Be sure you can identify all the parts (see flip book requirement list) of both transcription and translation.

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= Tay-Sachs Disease =

-Chromosomal Mutation 2. Other name(s) -B variant GM2 gangliosidosis -GM2 gangliosidosis, type 1 -HexA deficiency -Hexosaminidase A deficiency -Hexosaminidase alpha-subunit deficiency (variant B) -Sphingolipidosis, Tay-Sachs -TSD
 * 1) Single Gene or Chromosomal Mutation

3. Symptoms -Deafness -Blindness -Delayed mental and social skills -Dementia -Increased startle reaction -Irritability -Listlessness -Loss of motor skills -Paralysis or loss of muscle function -Seizures -Slow growth

4. Prevalence -One in thirty people of the Ashkenazi Jewish heritage carry Tay-Sachs Gene. 5. Cause -Inherited in an __autosomal recessive pattern__-both copies of the gene in each cell have mutations

[|http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002390/#adam_001417.disease.symptoms]

[|http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/tay-sachs-disease#definition]

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