Cells+and+cell+processes

flat =Cell vocabulary= nucleus, nucleolus, nuclear membrane, chromatin/chromosome, cell wall, cell membrane (plasma membrane), cytoplasm, mitochondria, chloroplast, vacuole, lysosome, rough endoplasmic reticulum, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, golgi apparatus, cytoskeleton, plastids, diffusion, osmosis, active transport, endocytosis, exocytosis, pinocytosis, phagocytosis, vesicle, phospholipid, passive transport, facilitated diffusion =What is a cell?= Visit the following sites and view the images of the cells. @http://www.biologycorner.com/myimages/cell-images/ @http://www.cellsalive.com/gallery.htm

Write the names of the cells that you view, and the similarities and differences that you see between them.

=Resources to use for the activities= @http://www.mrothery.co.uk/cells/cellnotes.htm Quizlet flashcards @http://www.biology101.org/biologystudyguides/cellparts.php

=Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes=

Go to the following site and play the tutorial and identification game for animal, plant, and bacterial cells. @http://www.sheppardsoftware.com/health/anatomy/cell/index.htm

Complete the following chart using information from the tutorial/game, internet resources, or your own knowledge (handwritten or typed). Not all of these organelles are present in the activity!

Give each organelle's function and analogue for each. An example of an analogue is "the nucleus is like the brain of the cell". Some analogies are given in the activity, but you are welcome to come up with your own, if you can justify them. Also check mark the boxes for animal, plant, and cell if the organelle is present in them.

Once you have completed the table, answer these questions. (3 points each) 1.Why are bacterial cells different from plant and animal cells and what type of cell are bacteria? 2.How are animal cells different from plant cells and what type of cell are they?

Now draw a plant cell (why a plant cell? think about it) complete with each organelle listed on the table. Be sure to label. (8 points)

YOU WILL BE TURNING THIS IN PHYSICALLY! (1 point per row)
 * Organelle || Function || Analogy || Animal || Plant || Bacteria ||
 * Nucleus ||  ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * Nucleolus ||  ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * Nuclear Membrane ||  ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * Chromatin/Chromosome ||  ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * Cell Wall ||  ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * Cell/Plasma Membrane ||  ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * Cytoplasm ||  ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * Mitochondria ||  ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * Chloroplast ||  ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * Vacuole ||  ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * Lysosome ||  ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum ||  ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum ||  ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * Ribosomes ||  ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * Golgi Apparatus ||  ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * Cytoskeleton ||  ||   ||   ||   ||   ||

=Resources: Parts of a cell= media type="custom" key="23996856" media type="custom" key="24103180" media type="custom" key="24103198" =Diffusion/Osmosis homework=

[]

Define the following words. You can write out the definitions on paper or use a word document. No need to print these out.
 * diffusion
 * osmosis
 * hypotonic
 * hypertonic
 * isotonic
 * solute
 * solvent
 * selectively permeable
 * water potential
 * concentration gradient
 * plasmolysis
 * turgor
 * active transport
 * facilitated diffusion

=Cell membrane and processes=

Go to: @http://www.wiley.com/legacy/college/boyer/0470003790/animations/membrane_transport/membrane_transport.htm

Answer the following: 1. Define cellular transport. 2. Draw or paste in a picture of the cell membrane. Click on each part of the diagram to bring up more information about the parts. Take notes about their role in the cell membrane, materials that pass through, etc. 3. What direction is the net movement of molecules across the cell membrane? 4. Define semi-permeable membrane. 5. What is the "aim" of osmosis? 6. Answer the pop up questions #1: Given that the balloons are elastic, will the final concentrations on the two sides be equal? #2: Which balloon will have the higher concentration? 7. What are the three steps by which membrane proteins (transporters) move materials across the membrane? 8. What are the two types of transporters and what are the differences? 9. What is required in active transport to move molecules from a lower to a higher concentration? 10. Describe the Na/K/ATPase pump in relation to nerve conduction.

How do substances move through a membrane? View the different molecules and take notes about their passage through the membrane: **[]**

=Notes= =media type="file" key="cells and cell processes.mp4" width="300" height="300"=

=Organelle research= Research a given organelle and find answers to the following: =Edible Cell model= Create a model of the cell out of edible materials. Be sure to bring in your materials to assemble in class. You will have one period to plan and another period to create. Be sure to have a key that explains all the cell parts. Be thorough in your planning as the relationship between cell parts needs to be evident. Be sure you have brought in materials for all the cell listed on the rubric.
 * 1) What type of cell is it found in?
 * 2) What is its structure (composition)? How does the structure help the organelle to do its function?
 * 3) What is its function? Why is that important?
 * 4) How does the organelle achieve that function? What are the mechanics or the processes that it goes through?
 * 5) How is the function regulated?
 * 6) What is the connection between the organelle's function and the cell's function?
 * 7) What would happen if the cell did not have this organelle?

Each slide should have: Title slide is a picture of the completed model. Your attention grabber is a statement of why this is a great model for learning about the cell. Rubric: =Diffusion activity=
 * Powerpoint for the group project:**
 * 1) Picture
 * 2) Why did you use the material to represent each of the cell parts? This could be structural (the way it looks) or functional (how it acts).
 * 3) What is the function of the cell part. This should be more than just a simple definition. We want to understand how it happens, the steps, the reactions, where the materials are coming from or going to, etc.
 * 4) The name of the person who created the slide in the lower corner

=Cell Size lab= 1. Take a 3 cm X 3 cm X 6 cm agar cube.

2. Cut it into 3 cubes measuring 3cmX3cmX3cm, 2cmX2cmX2cm, and 1cmX1cmX1cm.

3. Place the cubes in your beaker and just cover with the solution. Make sure they stay submerged.

4. Let the cubes sit for 10 minutes.

5. While the cubes are soaking fill in the table below under surface area. Calculate surface area by finding the area of one side and then multiplying by the total number of sides. Use the formula: SA = l x w x # sides. Remember a cube has 6 sides.

Example: 5 cm cube SA = 5cm x 5cm x 6 SA = 150 sq cm

6. Calculate the volumes and complete that portion of the table. Show your work. To find a cube's volume, use L x W x H. Example: 5 cm cube V = l x w x h V = 5cm x 5cm x 5cm V = 125 cubic cm

7. Find the surface area to volume ratio and complete the correct column of the table. Divide surface area by volume and reduce to the lowest fraction. Show your work. Use only the number values when calculating. Example: 5cm cube SA/V = 150/125 SA/V = 1.2

8. Remove the cubes after 10 minutes and carefully cut them in half.

9. Measure the amount of diffusion in centimeters and record it in the table (Diffusion depth.)

10. Calculate the rate of diffusion and record in the table. This is calculated by dividing the amount of diffusion by the time (10 minutes). Show your work. Use this formula: R = d/t R=rate of diffusion d=distance the material diffused in cm t=time


 * Requirements for team page:**
 * 1. Picture of cubes before and after (include a caption)**
 * 2. Show how you completed all the calculations**
 * 3. Data table**
 * Create a table of 6 columns and 4 rows. Column headings are: Cube Size, Area of Cube, Volume of Cube, Surface Area to Volume Ratio, Distance of Diffusion, Rate of Diffusion
 * After measuring and doing your calculations, fill in the chart. If units are needed, place them in the box with the appropriate heading.

1. Compare and contrast the three cubes after they were sliced in half. 2. Which "cell" seemed to be most and least efficient at getting outside substances into the cell? Explain. 3. Which of your calculations seems to explain what you observed in your cell models? Why do you think so? 4. Speculate on a relationship between cell size and efficiency. Your statement should resemble a hypothesis. (Remember: Use an If....., then..... statement.)
 * Requirements for individual pages:**
 * Analysis:**


 * Assessment**:

=Cell parts Flashcards and games= http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-170101 http://quizlet.com/3178286/cell-flashcards-flash-cards/ http://www.quia.com/jg/65947.html http://www.biology4kids.com/extras/quiz_cellorgan/index.html

=Protists= Individual page: Team page:
 * 1) Of the demoslide specimens available, each person in the group is responsible for taking a picture of one of the organisms.
 * 2) Take moticam pictures of what you find.
 * 3) Title the picture with the name of the organism.
 * 4) Caption each picture with 3 interesting facts you found about the organism.
 * 5) Cite the source(s) you used with each caption.
 * 1) Take a picture each of the elodea, elodea with added salt water, and hydra
 * 2) Title the picture with the name of the organism.
 * 3) Caption each picture with 3 interesting facts about the organism.
 * 4) Cite the source(s) you used with each caption.
 * 5) Some protists use cilia or flagella for locomotion. What exactly are these structures (and how are they different from each other), what are they made of, and what other uses are there for these structures (consider discussing other organisms that may have these.)
 * 6) What was different between the elodea and the elodea with added salt water. Account for this difference using correct terminology.

1. Were the protists unicellular or multicellular? 2. Are the protists prokaryotes or eukaryotes? Why? 3. What characteristics of living things did you notice about the protists? 4.What structures are found along the outside of some of the organisms? What functions do these structures serve? 5. If we could stain the organisms, what kind of internal structures would you see?
 * Homework:**

=**Cell Study Guide**=