Nick+Dimply+Constant

= = flat =Protist Lab - Blepharisma=



=Cell Size Lab= 1. Compare and contrast the three cubes after they were sliced in half. All of the cells had squares inside of them to represent the different types of cells. The smallest one was the hardest to see because of how small it was.

2. Which "cell" seemed to be most and least efficient at getting outside substances into the cell? Explain. The smallest one seems to be the most efficient because of the size of it. The purple color really shows in that one.

3. Which of your calculations seems to explain what you observed in your cell models? Why do you think so? I think the distance of diffusion because it shows how much of the purple color got in to the different types of cells in each cube.

4. Speculate on a relationship between cell size and efficiency. Your statement should resemble a hypothesis. (Remember: Use an If....., then..... statement.) If the cell is smaller then it will look like it is efficient, however, we just can’t see all of it with the naked eye to tell if it really is efficient or not.

** You Are What You Eat ** The saying “you are what you eat” actually does mean something to me. This is because whenever I hear that, I stop and think about what I eat. I wonder if what I eat is really best for me now and in the long run. This is important because I need to eat right so that I can be a healthy person. In conclusion, the saying “you are what you eat” can help me and other people to eat healthier.

Some questions that I have about the saying and things I have heard on TV include:
 * Will the food I eat now affect me in the long run? And if so, how?
 * What foods should I eat on a consistent basis to help my overall health now and in the future?

=Biomolecules in foods lab=

1.
 * **Testing for simple sugars:** When I tested peas mixed with benedicts, it was green before I put it in the bath. After I took it out, there was an orange color. Therefore, this is positive. This means there were simple sugars present.
 * **Testing for starches:** When I added 5 drops of iodine to a dropper full of peas, the color turned black. This means that this experiment was positive and there were starches present.
 * **Testing for proteins:** When I added the Biuret solution to a dropper full of peas, the color changed to purple. Therefore, this experiment was positive and proteins were present.
 * **Testing for fats and oils:** When I added Sudan IV to a half dropper full of peas, there was no deep red color. Therefore, this was negative and there was not any fats or oils present.

2. When I researched, peas have simple sugars, starches, proteins, but do not have many fats or oils, if any at all. Therefore, my tests were accurate, as peas were tested positive in the qualitative tests for simple sugars, starches, and proteins. Also, they were tested negative for the presence of fats and oils.

3. Some other foods that I researched to find out if the tests would have been positive or negative based on which biomolecules are in them are corn, grapes, and strawberries. First, I found some information about corn. Corn has glucose in it so it has simple sugars. Therefore, it would have tested positive for simple sugars. Next, I found that corn does have starches so it would have tested positive for that as well. Next, I found that corn has 16 grams of protein, so it would have tested positive for that as well. Last, corn also has 8 grams of fat so it would have also tested positive for that. The second food I researched was grapes. I found that it has fructose, so it has simple sugars, and it would have tested positive. Also, it doesn't have starch so it would have tested negative for that. Next, it has .6 grams of protein, so even though it has some, it may not have tested positive because the amount is so minimal. Last, I found that grapes have only .3 grams of fat, so it is the same situation with the protein. It probably wouldn't have tested positive because there is not a large amount. The last food a researched was strawberries. It has fructose, so it has simple sugars and would've tested positive for that. Also, they have starches and would've tested positive for that as well. Next, I found out that strawberries have a small amount of protein, so even though it's there, it probably would have tested negative because there is such a small amount. Last, there is not many fats and oils, so it would have tested negative for that.

=Biomolecules Extra Credit=
 * Will the food I eat now affect me in the long run? And if so, how? The food I eat now can affect me in the long run. This is because I can develop diseases because of the unhealthy food that I eat. An example of something that could happen to me because of unhealthy eating is diabetes. I think that this really shows you how important that it is to eat healthy all the time.
 * What foods should I eat on a consistent basis to help my overall health now and in the future? Some foods that I should eat on a consistent basis to help my overall health are vegetables, fruits, whole grains, and protein. I think this is interesting because I want to start eating healthy so I am in good shape throughout my entire life.

Link: http://www.webmd.com/food-recipes/tc/healthy-eating-overview

=DNA Replication Modelmedia type="custom" key="25077564"=

= = =ELECTROPHORESIS QUESTIONS= 1. What caused the DNA fragments to migrate through the gel? The electric current caused the DNA fragments to migrate through the gel.

2. Would you expect your personal DNA fingerprint to be identical to any of the persons tested in this lab? Explain how you would confirm or refute this. No. This is because every person has their own unique DNA and nobody’s is exactly the same.

3. Based on the results of your gel, what evidence do you have to present to the court concerning this murder case? Based on the results, suspect 2 has the same DNA that was found from the crime scene. Because of this, it is a proven fact that suspect 2 committed the crime.

4. Could these DNA samples have been distinguished from one another if only enzyme 1 had been used? Why or why not? No. This is because there would only be one example of DNA that is the same as the DNA found at the crime scene.

5. Why did you use two different restriction enzymes for each suspect and the evidence from the crime scene? We used two different restriction enzymes for each suspect and the evidence from the crime scene so if the first enzyme shows that they are the same then the second one could show that two of them are the same.

= = =Protein Synthesis Flip Book= media type="custom" key="25200628"

= = =Protein Synthesis Review Questions=


 * Protein Synthesis Review Questions **
 * 1) What are the steps of transcription?DNA unwinds and the hydrogen bonds are broken by RNA polymerase. The free nucleotides from the RNA pairs with DNA bases. RNA sugar-phosphate is formed. Last, hydrogen bonds with untwisted DNA and RNA breaking which leaves the new RNA free.
 * 2) What are the steps of translation? mRNA attaches to ribosome. Then, tRNA attaches to free amino acids in the cytoplasm. Then, it carries its specific amino acid to the ribosome. It delivers its amino acid based on complementary pairing of a triplet code. Enzyme then hooks the amino acid to the last one in the chain. This forms a peptide bond. The chain continues to grow as each tRNA brings in its amino acid and adds it to the chain.
 * 3) List three differences between DNA and RNA – DNA has deoxyribose, RNA has ribose. DNA is called deoxyribonucleic acid and RNA is called ribonucleic acid. DNA is double stranded and RNA is single stranded.
 * 4) List the three types of RNA. And state their function (what they do and where they do it) tRNA – transfers amino acid to the ribosome. mRNA – messenger that relays the message from DNA. rRNA – transmits the mRNA into a provides ribosomes and builds proteins.
 * 5) What enzyme is used to produce a new strand of RNA? RNA polymerase.
 * 6) Which molecule contains the genetic code? DNA

=DiGeorge Syndrome=
 * Single Gene
 * Also known as Deletion Syndrome
 * Some symptoms include blue skin, tiredness, poor muscle tone, failure to gain weight
 * Approximately 1 in 4,000 people have it
 * The cause is the deletion of chromosome 22

=Intro Activity to Fuel Economy= 1. The higher the taxes, the higher the fuel economy. 2. n/a 3. We can draw the conclusion that the types of transportation vehicles that are used in the particular countries have an effect on the taxes, which have a direct effect on the fuel economy. So, the types of transportation used have an indirect effect on fuel economy.