Lucas+Ambler

flat

=Cell Size Lab= 1. The cubes were all similar for one main reason, they all had the same rate of diffusion. But in the small cube the substances were in the entire cube while as the other ones the substance moved the same distance but since the other cubes are bigger you can see where the pink substance stopped**.** 2. The cube that seemed to be most efficient in moving outside substances into the cell was the smallest cube. All the cubes had the same rate of diffusion but the smallest cube had the least amount of material for the substance to get through that is why it was more efficient in getting outside substances in. The biggest cube was the least efficient because it has the most of material compared to the other two this making the substance not be able to cover as much space rather than the small cube. 3. The calculation the explained best what we had observed in the cell models was the rate of diffusion. It is the rate of diffusion because we saw how far the pink substance traveled in the cube. The pink substance traveled the same distance in each cube but because the cubes were not the same size we were able to see how far the substance traveled in each cube. 4. **I**f a cell is larger, then it will be less efficient. In our lab we came to a conclusion that if a cell is larger the substance will have a harder time traveling to the center to the cube. In the smaller cube the substance covered the entire cube.

=Protist Lab=

Stentor
// Stentor // is remarkable for its regenerative powers; a small fragment one-hundredth the volume of an adult can grow back to a complete organism. // Stentor // can be up to 2mm long. It is therefore larger than many of the multi-cellular organisms found in freshwater such as rotifers and water-fleas, and has been known to eat the smaller members of these groups. Autumn is a good time of year to find //Stentor// because leaves falling into a pond increase the bacteria population feeding on the decaying vegetation. This leads in turn to an increase in the population of protozoa such as //Stentor// which feed on the bacteria. www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/indexmag.html?http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/articles/stentor.html

**You Are What You Eat** The saying we are what we eat has many different meanings depending on who says it. To me that saying means that if we eat unhealthy foods or “fatty” foods we will gain weight and get fatter. If we eat healthy foods we will have a good body, strong muscles and bone, and be fit. That is what I think the saying we are what we eat means to me.

Do the candy bars I eat cause me to gain weight? Does eating carrots really improve my nighttime vision? Does milk make my bones get stronger and my teeth get stronger? Why are veggies healthier that junk food?

Biomolecules in Foods

I tested Steel Cut Oats.In the Benedicts test I found out that it contained simple sugars. In the Testing for Starch I found that it was a starch.In the Biurets test I found that it did not have proteins. In the Sudan IV test I saw it contained fats and oils

I chose Pasta and Green Vegetables as foods of my choice. I learned that pasta contained carbohydrates. Carbs are the main source for your body. Your brain need it to think, muscles need it to make ATP and for muscle contractions. Something interesting I found is that carbs can be compounds that are as simple as a single glucose ring, to strings of these rings. How these rings are arranged determines what kind of cabs you have. I found out that Green Vegetables contain proteins. Proteins help us maintain our muscles and the components of proteins help us put together almost everything in our body. Something interesting I found out about proteins is that they make something as small as markers on our cells to hair and nails. []
 * || Steel Cut Oats ||
 * Benedicts || Positive ||
 * Testing for Starches || Positive ||
 * Biuret || Negative ||
 * Sudan IV || Positive ||

=Biomolecule Extra Credit= Do the candy bars I eat cause me to gain weight? No candy bars should not cause one to gain weight. A candy bar for example, a milk chocolate bar made with nougat and caramel contains 260 calories, 10 grams of fat and 35 grams of sugar. 260 calories is a lot but if you exercise daily and still have a good diet candy bars should not make you gain weight. But if you eat candy bar after candy bar you will most likely gain weight. []

Does eating carrots really improve my nighttime vision? No carrots do not improve nighttime vision. Carrots offer a lot of vitamin A which is beneficial for eye health as well as skin, resisting infection and growth. Carrots contain beta-carotene though which is believed to decrease your likelihood of macular degeneration and cataracts but they will not *improve* your eyesight. That is a myth (and something mothers like to tell their kids to get them to eat their carrots!) []

Does milk make my bones get stronger and my teeth get stronger? Yes my bones and teeth get stronger from milk. It's not just your bones that benefit from ** milk **; your teeth get stronger and healthier when you drink, too, because it contains calcium. Calcium helps protect your teeth against periodontal (gum) disease and keeps your jaw bone strong and healthy. Since women are more likely to get periodontal disease if they don't absorb enough calcium from their daily diet, it's especially important for eat and drink plenty of calcium–rich foods. Drinking 1% low–fat or nonfat (skim) milk will help you gain the most nutrients without the extra artery–clogging fat of 2% or whole milk. []

Why are veggies healthier that junk food? Vegetables are healthier than junk food. Candy and vegetables are primarily sources of carbohydrates. However, candy is high in sugar and vegetables are not. Even starchy vegetables, such as potatoes, contain valuable fiber, vitamins and minerals. According to the USDA, a serving of russet potatoes contain 4 grams of fiber, 35-percent of your recommended daily allowance of vitamin C, 4 percent of your RDA of calcium and 10 percent of your RDA of iron. Vegetables are always healthier than candy when you're looking for a starchy snack.

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=DNA Replication= =media type="file" key="DNA MODEL finished.mov" width="300" height="300"=

=Protein Synthesis Review= DNA: Deoxyribose, Adenine-Thymine, double stranded RNA: Ribose, Adenine-Uracil, single stranded mRNA- messenger RNA, transports the genetic code from the nucleus to the cytoplasm tRNA- transfer RNA, transfers amino acid to the ribosome. rRNA- ribosomal RNA, provide a ribosome and builds protein.
 * 1) What are the steps of transcription? RNA polymerase binds on to the DNA strand at the promoter region. It starts to unzip the DNA strand and begins synthesizing a complementary mRNA strand. Once it is through, the DNA strand goes back together. Then, when the RNA polymerase reaches the termination sequence, the mRNA strand falls off and the RNA polymerase stops synthesizing. The mRNA strand then goes through the nuclear pore into the cytoplasm where it reaches a ribosome.
 * 2) What are the steps of translation? The ribosome bring tRNA with anti-codons that bind on to the mRNA strand and fall off. When they fall off, they leave their amino acids which form a peptide bond on to the other amino acids. When it reaches the stop codon, there is no another amino acid brought in and the amino acid chain in complete. It then forms into a three-dimensional shape in order to get its function.
 * 3) List three differences between DNA and RNA
 * 1) List the three types of RNA. And state their function (what they do and where they do it)
 * 1) What enzyme is used to produce a new strand of RNA? RNA Polymerase
 * 2) Which molecule contains the genetic code? DNA molecule
 * 3) Be sure you can transcribe a gene and determine the complementary amino acids.
 * 4) Be sure you can identify all the parts (see flip book requirement list) of both transcription and translation.

= Transcription/Translation Flip Book = media type="custom" key="25199886"

=Mutation Homework (Down Syndrome)= 1. Single Gene or Chromosomal Mutation? Chromosomal Mutation 2. Other Names? Trisomy 21 3. Symptoms? There are more than 50 features of Down syndrome. But not every person with Down syndrome has all the same features or health problems. Some features and problems are common. Examples are short stature, weak muscle, a short wide neck, short stocky arms and legs, slanted eyes, a nasal bridge that looks pushed in, small ears, irregularly shaped mouth and tongue, and irregular and crooked teeth. 4. Prevalence? Scientists do know that women age 35 and older have a significantly higher risk of having a child with the condition. At age 30, for example, a woman has about a 1 in 1,000 chance of conceiving a child with DS. Those odds increase to about 1 in 400 by age 35. By 40 the risk rises to about 1 in 100. It affects about 1 in every 800 babies born in the United States. 5. Cause? Normally, at the time of conception a baby inherits genetic information from its parents in the form of 46 chromosomes: 23 from the mother and 23 from the father. In most cases of Down syndrome, a child gets an extra chromosome 21 — for a total of 47 chromosomes instead of 46. It's this extra genetic material that causes the physical features and developmental delays associated with DS.

[|http://kidshealth.org/parent/medical/genetic/down_syndrome.html#]

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= Intro activity to fuel economy =
 * 1) I noticed that the petrol prices at the pumps were about $1 more than the petrol tax in the given countries.
 * 2) In the US the most common use of transportation is automobiles, in the Netherlands it is by rail transport, in France it is by train, in Germany it is bus train or bicycles, in the UK it is car, bus, or train, in Spain it is by airplane or train, in Canada it is by bus or car.
 * 3) We can draw the conclusion that as the petrol prices at the pump increases than the petrol tax will increase and the other way around as well.