The+Fire+Breathing+Giraffes

=flat= =Members:= Mallory Cameron Hanna Ebel Alexis McKee Libby Anderson =Cell Size Lab=

Cubes after solution:




Work:
Surface area:

3 cm cube

SA=3cm x 3cm x 6

SA= 54 cm2

2 cm cube

SA=2cm x 2cm x 6

SA= 24 cm2

1 cm cube

SA=1cm x 1cm x6

SA= 6 cm2

Volume:

3 cm cube

V= 3cm x 3cm x 3cm

V= 27 cm3

2 cm cube

V= 2cm x 2cm x 2cm

V= 8 cm3

1 cm cube

V= 1cm x 1cm x 1cm

V= 1 cm3

Surface Area to Volume:

3 cm cube:

SA/V= 54/27

SA/V= 2/1

2 cm cube:

SA/V= 24/8

SA/V= 3/1

1 cm cube:

SA/V= 6/1

SA/V= 6/1

Rate of Diffusion:

R= .5/10

R=.05

=Protists=

They grow in a variety of pond habitats but prefers to grow in fine sediments at the bottom of cool, spring-fed ponds. [] They rarely reproduce sexually because male plants are very uncommon. When sexual reproduction occurs, the plants produce cylindrical capsules that contain several seeds. [] Elodea has only 3 leaves in the whorl and no midrib teeth. []

Three Interesting Facts about the Elodea: Often called waterweeds Usually used in aquariums as decoration Grows entirely underwater except for flowers, which bloom above the water http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elodea



Hydra: They move by using their tentacles to drag them or somersault their bodies forward. The hydra reproduce by means of eggs or buds witch attach themselves to the side of their parents. Have a mouth, tentacles and stingers attached to its tube shaped body.

[]


 * Q: 5.** **Some protists use cilia or flagella for locomotion. What exactly are these structures (and how are they different from each other), what are they made of, and what other uses are there for these structures (consider discussing other organisms that may have these.)**


 * A:** Cilia or Flagella are also known as flexible membrane extensions of the cell. “They can range in length from a few microns to more that 2 mm in the case of some insect sperm flagella.” They are nearly the same structures. Normally, cells posses one or two long flagella, whereas ciliated cells have many short cilia. They are made of microtubules, which are cytoskeletal fibers. They are used for movement, and some other organisms that have these would be //Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.//


 * Q: What was different between the elodea and the elodea with added salt water? Account for this difference using correct terminology.**


 * A:** There where two main differences that we noticed between the two elodea samples. One was that the cell membranes in the cells of the elodea with salt water were retracted from the cell walls. This is called plasmolysis, and is caused by the cells being in a hypertonic solution. There is more salt outside the cells than inside, so water naturally flows out of the cell, causing it to shrink. This did not occur with the regular elodea. The other difference was the orientation of the chloroplasts. We knew where the chloroplasts were due to the green tint of that part of the cells. In the normal elodea, the chloroplasts were more around the outside, as the cells were a darker green there. In the salt-water elodea, the chloroplasts were scattered throughout, as the cells were greener on the inside. This happens because of plasmolysis, which, again, happens because the cells are in a hypertonic solution.

=Biomolecules in Foods Lab=

Analysis:

On your individual page, complete the following: 2. In a paragraph, discuss biomolecule(s) that are found in all 4 of your foods. Which of the biomolecules surprised you by their presence or absence in the various foods you tested?
 * 1) Provide the results from the four different foods you tested by making a data table. Make sure to include the results of all 4 tests (simple sugar, starch, fat, protein) for each food
 * || ** Avocado ** || ** Apple Juice ** || ** Really Ripe Banana ** || ** Beef ** ||
 * ** Simple Sugars ** || Negative || Positive || Positive || Negative ||
 * ** Starches ** || Negative || Negative || Negative || Positive ||
 * ** Proteins ** || Positive || Negative || Negative || Positive ||
 * ** Fats & Oils ** || Positive || Negative || Positive || Positive ||

As far as the simple sugars are concerned, we were surprised that there weren't any in the avocado or the beef. We had the misconception that there were simple sugars in every food and we were obviously wrong. We also was surprised that there was no starch in the Avocado or the banana, and that there was starch in the beef. This is because starch is usually used as storage for plants, while animals use glycogen. This however, was apparently not the case. In the way of proteins and fats and oils, we were not very surprised with the results.

3. Look at the data collected from other classes. Were there any differences in the results that you obtained compared to others that tested the same foods? What are some reasons why your results were different than others who tested the same food?

For the team 'The Scampering Squids', their test for simple sugars for the avocado came out positive, while ours came out negative. For the beef, we found that all tests except the one for simple sugars were positive, this one was negative. Their team found that the only negative test was for starch, our test for starches in the beef came out positive.

= Enzyme Lab =



Hanna Ebel Corn (left) and liver (right) Peas (top) and Beef (bottom) Hanna Ebel These depict the reactions of the substances with the cold hydrogen peroxide. On top, this is the first well in each row, and on the bottom it's the wells on the far right. Though the results look similar to those at the other temperatures, the beef and liver both scored lower because they were slower to react. Again, neither of the plant substances reacted.

Corn (left) and liver (right) Peas (top) and beef (bottom) Hanna Ebel These depicts the reactions of the substances with warm peroxide. In both pictures they are the middle wells.This time the beef reacted much more that it did in with the room temperature hydrogen peroxide. Also, neither of the plant substances reacted again.



Corn (yellow-green color) and Liver (pink color) without peroxide (normal state). These are shown in all three wells.

Peas (yellow-green color) and Beef (pink color) with room temperature water added. This is shown in the first two well (left to right)



Comparison of Results: Peas – nothing is different nothing happened in either Corn – nothing is different nothing happened in either __ Liver (Room Temperature)- __ Their liver that had room temperature water in it did not bubble up as much as ours did. They recorded the bubbling to be a 5 when it should have been a 4. __ Liver (Warm)- __ Theirs also did not show as much bubbling as ours. Ours was recorded as a 5 while theirs was a 3. __ Liver (Cold)- __ Once again ours showed more bubbling. Theirs only scored a 1 while ours was a 5.
 * The group of Samuel Porschea Gigliotti **

Peas – nothing happened in either Corn – nothing happened in either No Reactions in peas or corn. All information gathered in finding the temperatures of the liver in the cold and room temperature well was the same for both teams. We both recorded the results as 5's. As for the well with the liver and warm water, ours came out a 5. They also recorded theirs as a 5 but we believe that it should have only been a 3.
 * The Fantastic Four **

flat

= Light Intensity Activity =

The best possible set of conditions for the maximum ATP is 425 Wavelength and 200 Light Intensity. We found that the no matter what wavelength we were at, the higher the light intensity, the higher the ATP production. No matter what light intensity we were at, 650 and 425 were the ideal wavelengths. These are the violet and red-orange ranges.

= Scientists Important to Photosynthesis = Van Helmont: In 1643 he conducted an experiment to conclude a plant's mass came from water intake. He did this by monitoring a seedling in a measured amount of soil. After five years, the plant had grown, the soil had stayed the same, and the only thing that Van Helmont had given to the plant was water. Therefore, he concluded a plant's mass was dependent on its water intake.

Joseph Priestley
In 1771 Joseph Priestley concluded that the plant releases oxygen with an experiment using a bell jar and a candle. He found that when putting a lit candle in a sealed chamber the flame shortly goes out. When putting a mouse in an oxygen sealed chamber it will shortly suffocate. But when a plant in place in an oxygen sealed chamber it will soon replenish it.

= Primary and Secondary Productivity Activity One =

The desert has the lowest number at 500 and sugar can Hawaii has 25,000.

Why do certain ecosystems have different productivity than others?

Does proximity to water affect productivity?

Does sunlight affect productivity?

Does temperature affect productivity?


 * __ Discussion Questions __ **

***Please answer in complete sentences where you __restate the question in your answer. ( 4 points)__

> ** The detergent helped to break the cell down to get to the nucleus, which has the DNA inside. ** > ** The DNA became visible once the alcohol was added because the alcohol helps to pull the DNA up from the Gatorade due to the DNA being less soluble and the DNA would precipitate to the sports drink/alcohol interface, bringing it up to the surface. **
 * 1) What are the 5 elements that make up DNA? **DNA is made up of c** ** arbon, hydrogen, phosphorus, oxygen and nitrogen. **
 * 2) What is the function of DNA from day to day? **DNA functions to** ** be a storage unit and blueprint of information needed to function properly and an instruction booklet that builds you. **
 * 3) Describe how long strands of double-helical DNA fit into the nucleus of a single cheek cell. **The DNA wraps around proteins, fold back on itself, and coils up**
 * 4) What was the purpose of using the detergent as a cell lysis solution?
 * 1) Why does the DNA become visible once the alcohol is added?
 * 1) If DNA is so thin, how is it that we are able to see it during this simple lab exercise? I**t is able to be seen because it is in large amounts**
 * 2) Why is DNA referred to as your genetic fingerprint? ** Everyone has different DNA, and everyone also has different fingerprints. This reference is actually kind of funny because it’s your DNA that forms your fingerprints, so it only makes sense that both are different for everyone. **
 * 3) Give some examples of how DNA is used everyday. ** Crime scene investigations, tracing family history, and determining if people are at risk for certain diseases or cancer. **