The+Ice+Cream+Squad

toc @Kamren B. @Katie P. @Morgan V. @Anna H.

=Cell Size Lab=



R=rate of diffusion d=distance the material diffused (in centimeters) t=time .5cm/10minutes=.05 .5/10=.05

Surface Area: 3x3x6= 54cm2 2x2x6= 24cm2 1x1x6= 6cm2

Volume: 3x3x3= 27cm3 2x2x2= 8cm3 1x1x1= 1cm3

SA/Volume: 3x3x3: 54/27= 2 2x2x2: 24/8= 3

=Protists Lab=

[] -Receive their energy through photosynthesis. -Grows underwater in lakes, ponds, and aquariums. -Will only survive if under water.
 * Elodea is called the water weeds.
 * The //Elodea canadensis// is called American or Canadian water weed or pond weed.
 * The American water weed lives underwater with the exception of small white flowers. The white flowers bloom at the surface and the plants by stalks.

[]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydra_%28genus%29
 * Small, simple fresh-water animals
 * Possess radial symmetry
 * Can be found in most unpolluted fresh-water ponds, lakes, and streams in the temperate and tropical regions.
 * Multicellular organisms
 * Usually a few millimeters long

5. Flagellum is a microscopic whiplike appendage that enables many protists to swim. Cilia is a slender, hair-like structures that extent from the surface of nearly all mammalian cells. The difference between the two is that cells can posses one or two long flagella, whereas other cells posses many short cilia. The cilia and flagella, in eukaryotic cell, contain the motor protein dynein and microtubules. This are composted of tubulin, which are linear polymers of globular proteins. In the core of each structure is the axoneme, and contains two central microtubules that are surrounded by an outer ring of nine doublet microtubules. A plasma membrane surrounds the entire axoneme. The cilia can keep the airways clear of mucus and dirt, to let the organism breathe. It can also help transport fluid. The flagellum can act as a sensory organelle by being sensitive to chemicals and temperatures outside of the cell.

6. The elodea with salt seems to be more dried out than the elodea with just water because the salt draws out of the water to make it dry. The process of salt drying things out is osmosis. Due to the dryness, the elodea with salt is browner than the regular elodea.

=Biomolecules in Food Lab= 1. 2.
 * || Simple Sugars || Starch || Proteins || Fats and Oils ||
 * Egg Yolk || Negative || Positive || Positive || Positive ||
 * Green Banana || Positive || Positive || Negative || Positive ||
 * Potato || Positive || Positive || Positive || Negative ||
 * Oatmeal || Positive || Positive || Negative || Positive ||

The biomolecules found in four of the foods that we tested are simple sugars, starch, proteins, and fats & oils. Simple Sugar was found in all of our foods except for egg yolk. Starch was found in all four of our foods. Protein was found in egg yolk and potato, but not green banana nor oatmeal. Fats and oils were found in all of our foods except potato. After testing all of the foods for these biomolecules, we were a little surprised about some of the results. For example, we didn't think that there would be starch in egg yolk and starch in green banana. After some research we found out that there is only starch in green bananas, and as the natural ripening occurs, the starch fades away.

3.

Whenever we compared our results to the group **The Three Amigos + 1** from period 6 we found out that we did not end up with the same results as they did. The four foods that both of our groups were assigned were egg yolk, green banana, potato, and processed oatmeal. For simple sugars, our group got that all of our foods contained simple sugars except for egg yolk, but The Three Amigos + 1 group got that all of their foods ended up coming up negative whenever tested for simple sugars. For starch, our group got that the foods we tested all contained starch, but The Three Amigos + 1 group got that egg yolk tested negative for starch. For protein, our group and the group The Three Amigos + 1 both got that egg yolk and potato tested positive for protein and the green banana and oatmeal tested negative. For fats + oils, our group got that all of the foods contained fats and oils except for potato. The group The Three Amigos + 1 got that all of the foods tested negative for fats and oils except for the egg yolk. A reason why our result are different compared to Three Amigos + 1's results is the amount of the substance they used. The Three Amigos + 1 could have used less the green banana or less of the Benedict. Whenever we compared our results to the group **Bio Birdies**, who were also assigned the same foods as us, from period 3 we found that we didn't end up with the same results as them either. For simple sugars, they got negative for all of the foods except for the potato and we got positive for everything except the egg yolk. For starch, we got all positive and their test results came up all positive except for the egg yolk. For protein, the group Bio Birdies got the exact same results as us. For fats +oils, our group tested the foods all positive except potato, and for their group they tested the egg and oatmeal positive and banana and potato negative. =Enzymes Lab=

Anna Heitzenrater

BEEF AND LIVER: by Morgan VanLeer



CORN AND PEAS: By Kamren Brubaker



=Water Inquiry Lab:=

=Light Intensity= The best possible outcome for a very high ATP is when you have a light intensity of 200, and a wavelength of 425. The result of the amount of ATP was 100%. Having the wavelength at maximum level can not produce ATP without light intensity. So the percent of ATP was 0 for that test.



=Scientists= Van Helmont thought that most of the mass of the plant is the water that is being taken in. He came to this conclusion after experimenting with a willow tree that he grew for 5 years. Van Helmont measured the amount of soil, the weight of the tree and the water he added. After 5 years it gained about 164 lbs, since the amount of soil was the around the same he came to a conclusion that the mass of a plant is from the water. But later we realized that carbon dioxide is what actually makes up all the mass of a plant. = = =Primary and Secondary Productivity= The numbers in this chart ranges from 500 to 25,000 kilocalories. How do each region have an influence on their net productivity?

=DNA Lab Discussion Questions= Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus are the five elements that make up DNA. The function of DNA is to pass the genetic instructions that control the functions of your cells. The strands of double-helical DNA fits into the nucleus of a single cheek cell by wrapping around the proteins, folding back on itself, and coiling. The purpose of using the detergent as a cell lysis solution is to get the DNA out of the nucleus of the cells. The DNA becomes visible once the alcohol is added because it can’t be dissolved in alcohol and the alcohol doesn’t mix with the solution, it just creates a layer on top. If DNA is so thin, we are able to see it during this simple lab exercise because all DNA is collecting together. DNA is referred to as your genetic fingerprint because every person has a unique sequence of DNA and every person’s DNA is different, just like every body’s fingerprint is different. Some examples of how DNA is used everyday is in crime scene investigations. DNA is also used to identify people at risk of genetic diseases, authenticate food, and to identify bacteria and viruses.
 * 1) What are the 5 elements that make up DNA?
 * 1) What is the function of DNA from day to day?
 * 1) Describe how long strands of double-helical DNA fit into the nucleus of a single cheek cell.
 * 1) What was the purpose of using the detergent as a cell lysis solution?
 * 1) Why does the DNA become visible once the alcohol is added?
 * 1) If DNA is so thin, how is it that we are able to see it during this simple lab exercise?
 * 1) Why is DNA referred to as your genetic fingerprint?
 * 1) Give some examples of how DNA is used everyday.