Chandler+Emhoff

= = flat =Cell Size Lab:= Compare and contrast the three cubes after they were sliced in half. The largest cube had the least penetration of the substance and the smallest cube had the most penetration. All of the cubes had the same amount of penetration but it took up the more area of cubes the smaller they were. For example the largest cube had a penetration of 5mm and the smallest cube had a penetration of 5mm but the smallest cube had its’ whole area taken up by the substance.

Which "cell" seemed to be most and least efficient at getting outside substances into the cell?. The biggest cell (biggest cube) seemed to be the least efficient because the substances only penetrated the cell a small bit while the smallest cell (smallest cube) was the most efficient because the substance penetrated the entire thing. They did this because the larger the cell, the more cell the substance has to penetrate and the less efficient it will be.

Which of your calculations seems to explain what you observed in your cell models? Why do you think? Surface area to volume ratio explained why the largest cell was the least efficient at getting the outside substances in. It explains it the best because if the object has a large area it will also have a large volume making more “cell” for the substance to pass through.

Speculate on a relationship between cell size and efficiency. Your statement should resemble a hypothesis. (Remember: Use an If....., then..... statement.) If the cell is large then it will be the less efficient at getting outside substances into the cell than a small cell.

= Protist Lab: =

=You Are What You Eat:= “You are what you eat.” This is a statement that many people have heard before and is most likely true. For example, if you eat all fatty foods you will most likely become fat without any exercise to go along with the foods. To me, this statement means that if I do not make the proper choices when it comes time to eat, I will change according to what foods I have been eating. Your body can change for the good or for the bad. If you eat all healthy foods, then your body will be a healthy body and if you eat all unhealthy foods, your body will be unhealthy. All of this though is also determined by the amount of exercise that you do. A person that exercises seven days a week will be able to eat much more than a person who does not exercise at all.

Does taking vitamins help your body or is it just a gimmick? Is it the food you eat or is it the lack of exercise that causes fattiness? How much would you need to exercise in order to eat pretty much what ever you want? Do carbonated drinks make you hyper because of all the sugar or is that just something people say?

= **Food Tests:** = Food: Egg White

Test for sugar: negative

Test for starches: positive

Test for proteins: positive

Test for fats and oils: negative

The biomolecules found in egg whites are starches and proteins. I knew that protein would be in the egg whites because eggs are very high in protein. Protein is a large biomolecule made of one or more amino acids. Also found in the egg white was starch. Starch is a very good source in energy. Pure starch is white, tasteless, and odorless. I was surprised to find this in the egg whites.

One food that we commonly eat that contains protein are fruits. Fruits such as pineapple have have about 5 grams of protein in them. All of this protein is used for structure and regulation of the cells functions. Others though, such as oranges, have only about 1 gram of protein in them. Fruits also contain starch and sugar. As a fruit ripens it turns its starch into sugar, so the riper the fruit is the more sugar that will be found in it. Potatoes are very high in starch. Foods that are high in starch are rich in vitamin, minerals, and fiber. Starch is used for mainly for energy.

http://www.joybauer.com/food-articles/starchy-vegetables.aspx http://www.diabetes.org/food-and-fitness/food/what-can-i-eat/carbohydrates.html http://nutritiondata.self.com/foods-000007000000000000000.html http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/handbook/howgeneswork/protein http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starch http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteins =Enzyme Homework:= 2H202 à 2H2O2+O2 In the beef the colder the hydrogen peroxide the greater the reaction but in the liver it was the opposite where the hotter it was the greater the reaction. Catalae belongs to the protein group and the members of this group all have amino acids that make them up.
 * 1) Write the equation for the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide.
 * 1) How did the amount of reaction change between room temperature, warm, and cold hydrogen peroxide?
 * 1) What large group of biomolecules (carbohydrate, lipid, or protein) does catalase belong to? What do members of this group have in common?

Yes, because they are things that are breaking down substances and they are not being broken down.
 * 1) Is it possible to reuse biomolecules like catalase? Explain.


 * 1) What happens to an organism if biomolecules like catalase become useless? Explain

If the catalase becomes useful there will be a lot of dead organism and you will not be able to get rid of them.

= Biomolecules Extra Credit: = Does taking vitamins help your body or is it just a gimmick? Some vitamins can help you but eating the proper foods is better for you. For example, if you need vitamin c, it is better for you to eat oranges and drink orange juice than to take the vitamins. Also, some pills can cause health problems such as lowering you blood pressure. http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/Vitamin-Supplements-Healthy-or-Hoax_UCM_432104_Article.jsp

Is it the food you eat or is it the lack of exercise that causes fattiness? It is actually good to do both. If you truely want to try to lose weight or mantain a healthy you should exercise every day and watch what you eat. Try not to eat food that are overly processed and is in its truest form. If you do eat something such as a slice of cake, you should go and exercise for little while. To stay a healthy weight you need to eat better and exercise. http://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/09/11/how-exercise-can-help-us-eat-less/?_r=0

How much would you need to exercise in order to eat pretty much what ever you want? There is no amount of exercise that you could have that would allow you to eat anything. What you should do instead is when you eat something you should go and do something for a little bit. If you can make yourself exercise or do something for about an hour a day, you can eat normally but not over indulge.

Do carbonated drinks make you hyper because of all the sugar or is that just something people say? NO! Scientists have conducted many tests and have came to the conclusion that sugar has no noticeable affects on a person. The reason a person may become hyper when they drink carbonated drinks is because of the setting in which they drink it in. For example, most kids drink it at parties, it isn't the drink that is making them hyper, it is where they are at.

= DNA Replication PowerPoint: = media type="custom" key="25077464"

=Protein Synthesis PowerPoint:= media type="custom" key="25200494"

=Protein Synthesis Review Questions:= What are the steps of transcription? An RNA polymerase breaks the DNA and reads it to form a complementary mRNA strand which leaves the nucleus through a nuclear pore

What are the steps of translation? mRNA goes into a ribosome that splits into a larger and smaller subunit. The mRNA strand is matched with complementary base pair from an amino acid and tRNA. The amino acids then form a polypeptide chain with peptide bonds between the amino acids.

List three differences between DNA and RNA Single stranded Uracil Base instead of Thymine Sugar in RNA is Ribose

List the three types of RNA. And state their function (what they do and where they do it) tRNA- carries the amino acids for the matching bases pairs of the mRNA in a ribosome rRNA- provides a thing to decode the mRNA strand and is part of the ribosome mRNA- takes the matching nitrogen bases from the rRNA Primase and carries them outside of the nucleus

What enzyme is used to produce a new strand of RNA? RNA Polymerase

Which molecule contains the genetic code? DNA

=Robertsonian Translocation:= http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robertsonian_translocation http://www.rarechromo.org/information/other/robertsonian%20translocations%20ftnw.pdf
 * 1) Chromosomal Mutation
 * 2) Down Syndrome, Translocation Trisomy 13, Uniparental Disomy
 * 3) Autism, Congenital, abnormalities, and intellectual disabilities
 * 4) 1 in 1,000
 * 5) The rearrangement of the five chromosomal pairs mostly, 13, 14, 15, 21, and 22.

=Gas Tax and Fuel Efficiency:=

Answer the following: The lower the fuel economy the lower the petrol tax Ford focus is the most used car in the world and gets good gas mileage as do all of the top ten cars > > __ [1] __
 * 1) What relationships do you notice between the fuel economy and the taxes in a given country?
 * 1) Do a quick research of the most often used transportation (types of vehicles) for the countries.
 * 1) What conclusions can we draw? People buy cars with good gas mileage to save lower petrol tax